Rabbits & Hares in Magick

“In the black furrow of a field
I saw an old witch-hare this night;
And she cocked her lissome ear,
And she eyed the moon so bright,
And she nibbled o’ the green;
And I whispered ‘Whsst! witch-hare,’
Away like a ghostie o’er the field
She fled, and left the moonlight there.

~Walter de la Mare, 1873-1958

“Rabbits and Hares have long been associated with magick and the ability to walk between the worlds and commune with the faeries. This is because both are most often seen at those magickal ‘tween times of dusk and dawn when it is safer for them to be out and about. During the day they stick close to home, which is usually a hidden burrow or, as with the North American Cottontail, in thickets or dense brush. Their ability to dart quickly amidst the shadows as they walk between the earthly realm and the spirit realm, often disappearing and reappearing in the blink of an eye, makes them privy to hidden knowledge and wisdom. It is no wonder rabbits and hares have often been witches’ familiars.”

Spirit Animal, Power Animal, Totem Animal – What’s the Difference?

These terms are often used interchangeably, but there’s a difference. Put simply:

A Spirit Animal refers to an ally who helps teach/guide you.
A Power Animal refers to a creature that empowers you.
A Totem Animal refers to a creature that is inherited (ancestrally or as part of a tribe/clan).
While a Power animal can be invoked or called upon, it’s often thought that a Spirit Animal chooses you (and the same applies to the Totem Animal).

7 Ways to Discover Your Spirit Animal

At this point, you may be wondering, “okay, so how do I discover my spirit animal?”
1. Spend more time outdoors
This helps you to forge a greater connection to nature which you’ll need to identify your Spirit Animal.

2. Pay attention to the animals appearing in your life
Do any particular animals keep emerging? It’s said that if a particular animal continuously appears in your daily life, this is an indication that your Spirit Animal is trying to contact you. For instance, a certain animal could repeatedly show up on your daily walks, in the books you read, TV shows you watch, or pictures you glimpse.

3. Pay attention to the animals appearing in your dream life
Spirit Animals are also said to contact us in our dreams. Look out for animals that seem to persistently appear while you sleep – this could be a sign that your Spirit Animal is trying to manifest itself to you.

4. Be aware of the unusual behavior of animals around you
Does a particular animal run up to you, make strange noises around you, or otherwise display strange behavior patterns in your presence? This could be a strong indication of your Spirit Animal trying to contact or form a connection with you.

5. Think about what animals you have always been attracted to
Are you drawn to any particular animal, either out of fear or adoration? This could reveal an unconscious connection to your Spirit Animal.

6. Try meditation
Our Spirit Animals often reveal themselves during practices such as meditation because the mind because still. If you don’t often meditate, or if you would like assistance, there are many free meditation videos on YouTube.

7. Keep a journal
Record what animals you encounter in your meditations, dreams, and waking life. Look for patterns or recurrences of a specific animal or animals.
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21 Common Spirit Animals:
While there are nearly an endless array of Spirit Animal guides out there, there are some that tend to continually emerge.
Here is a list of them:
Bear (strength, confidence)
Butterfly (personal transformation)
Cat (independence, curiosity)
Coyote (playfulness, adaptability)
Crow (vision, intelligence)
Deer (innocence, gentleness)
Dog (loyalty, love)
Dragonfly (transformation, adaptability)
Fox (agility, awareness)
Frog (rebirth, renewal)
Hawk (focus, leadership)
Horse (freedom, passion)
Hummingbird (positivity, playfulness)
Lion (strength, courage)
Owl (wisdom, intuition)
Rabbit (abundance, vulnerability)
Sheep (vulnerability, innocence)
Snake (healing, transformation)
Spider (creativity, receptivity)
Tiger (willpower, aggression)
Turtle (determination, persistence)
Wolf (intelligence, freedom)
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Here are 5 Ways to Discover Your Spirit Animal’s Lessons (Medicine) :

Once you have discovered what your Spirit Animal is, your next question is:
How can you harness the new knowledge of your Animal Teacher to benefit your life?
Here are a variety of ways to learn from your Spirit Animal:

1. Discover its symbolic wisdom (or ‘medicine’)
Each Spirit Animal has strengths and weaknesses which are important for you to learn about, as they directly apply to your life. The better you understand the symbolic meaning of your Animal Teacher, the better you will come to understand yourself and what you need to improve or change in your life.

2. Apply your newfound wisdom
Learning about your Spirit Animal will help you to learn more about yourself, and will consequently help you to make important decisions, deal with difficult situations and people, and reach your personal goals and aspirations. Reflect on the three main ways you can apply what you’ve learned to your life (short-term, medium-term, and long-term).

3. Don’t humanize your Spirit Animal
Anthropomorphizing (aka. humanizing) your guide will do nothing but silence their unique way of expressing themselves. To be open and receptive to your Spirit Animal’s message, you’ll need to embrace their exclusive language and form of self-expression first. To be receptive to your Spirit Animal and embrace their authentic being, take some time to observe them. Either observe them in nature (if they live in your vicinity) or watch them online. Take notes if needed.

4. Pay attention to when your Spirit Animal appears in your life
Be aware of dreams, or real-life occurrences in which your Spirit Animal manifests itself. Also, remember that your Spirit Animal can choose to manifest itself in a very subtle way; for instance, in poems, a song, or even a picture in a book or poster in the street. Our Animal Teachers are thought to serve as both omens, as well as messengers and guides. So consider the following question in your daily life:

What feelings do you experience when your Spirit Animal appears in your life? For example, do foreboding or comforting feelings arise within you?
What message does your Spirit Animal appear to be communicating to you?
Is your Spirit Animal trying to lead you in a certain direction?
5. Honor your Spirit Animal,
Shamans believe that by honoring and venerating your Spirit Animal, you grow and gain a deeper connection to them. Many people like showing respect to their Animal Teachers by placing objects of the same species around their houses (like feathers, skulls, statues). Others like wearing symbols of their Spirit Animals on their bodies (amulets, pendants, etc.). Simply saying “thank you” and being grateful is sufficient.
Remember all of us have at least one spiritual connection to another physical being such as a particular animal or plant species.

A Guide To Dragon Magick

Dragon Magick is a unique form of magick that draws upon the energy and wisdom of dragons. Dragons are often seen as guardians of hidden knowledge and symbols of strength and power. Practicing Dragon Magick allows us to tap into these energies, offering us guidance and protection as we navigate the challenges of life.

To begin your journey into Dragon Magick, here are some fundamental steps:

Study and Research: Start by immersing yourself in the world of dragons. Read books, explore online resources, and learn about the various dragon myths, cultures, and traditions from around the world. The more you know about these majestic creatures, the better you can connect with their energy.

Meditation and Visualization: Meditation is a crucial part of Dragon Magick. Find a quiet and peaceful space, close your eyes, and envision a dragon. Visualize its form, color, and energy. Through meditation, you can establish a connection with the dragons’ spiritual realm.

Create a Sacred Space: Design a personal altar or sacred space dedicated to Dragon Magick. This space should be adorned with dragon-related items, such as figurines, candles, crystals, and images. This is where you’ll perform your rituals and connect with dragon energies.

Spells and Rituals: Craft your own spells and rituals or find existing ones to suit your needs. Dragon Magick spells often involve invoking the assistance of dragons in various aspects of life, from protection and healing to wisdom and abundance.

How to Summon Dragons for Help
Summoning dragons is a sacred and powerful aspect of Dragon Magick. When you seek their guidance or assistance, it’s essential to do so with respect and intention. Here’s how you can summon dragons for help:

Prepare Your Sacred Space: Ensure that your altar or sacred space is clean and free of distractions. Light some dragon-themed candles and incense to create an inviting atmosphere.

Clear Your Mind: Before invoking the dragons, clear your mind through meditation. Focus on your intention and what you seek from the dragons.

Invocation: Speak or chant an invocation to call upon the dragons. You can create your own words or find existing invocations. Be sincere and respectful in your request.

Offering: It’s a tradition to leave an offering for the dragons. This could be a small token, a crystal, or some incense. It symbolizes your appreciation and respect.

Listen and Feel: After invoking the dragons, pay attention to any signs or messages they may send. These can come in the form of feelings, visions, or even dreams.

The Different Color Dragons and What They Can Help You With
Dragons come in various colors, each representing different qualities and attributes. Let’s explore some of the most common colors and what they can help you with:

Red Dragons: Red dragons are symbols of courage, strength, and passion. They can assist with matters of protection, vitality, and motivation. When facing challenges that require bold action, red dragons are powerful allies.

Blue Dragons: Blue dragons are associated with healing, wisdom, and serenity. They can help with emotional balance, tranquility, and mental clarity. Call upon blue dragons when seeking guidance in matters of the heart and mind.

Green Dragons: Green dragons are linked to growth, abundance, and renewal. They can aid in matters of prosperity, fertility, and environmental healing. Seek their assistance when working on projects related to growth and prosperity.

White Dragons: White dragons symbolize purity, truth, and spirituality. They can guide you in seeking truth and purity in your spiritual journey. They offer protection from negative influences and support on your quest for enlightenment.

Black Dragons: Black dragons are often misunderstood but can be valuable allies in shadow work and transformation. They help you confront and overcome your deepest fears, making way for personal growth and empowerment.

Gold Dragons: Gold dragons represent wisdom, enlightenment, and divine guidance. They can offer profound insights and help you connect with your higher self. Seek their assistance in matters of spiritual evolution and self-realization.

Dragon Magick and Elemental Associations
In the enchanting world of Dragon Magick, the elemental associations of dragons play a significant role. Much like other magical practices that draw upon the power of the four classical elements—earth, air, fire, and water—Dragon Magick aligns various types of dragons with these elemental forces. This connection allows practitioners to harness specific energies and qualities to enhance their magical workings.

Earth Dragons: These mighty creatures are closely tied to the element of earth. Earth dragons are often seen as guardians of the physical realm, offering strength, stability, and protection. Practitioners working with earth dragons can seek their assistance in matters related to grounding, abundance, fertility, and overall stability in life. When treading the path of Dragon Magick with an earth dragon by your side, you may find your spells and rituals anchored in the solid foundation of the earth, providing a sense of security and abundance.

Air Dragons: Dragons aligned with the element of air are associated with intellect, clarity, and communication. They hold the wisdom of the skies and can guide you in matters of knowledge, creative inspiration, and enhancing your mental faculties. When working with air dragons, you may find your thoughts and intentions taking flight, helping you gain new perspectives and fostering open communication in your magical endeavors.

Fire Dragons: Fire dragons embody the fierce and transformative power of the element of fire. They are linked to passion, courage, and the ignition of change. When you call upon a fire dragon, be prepared to unleash your inner power, ignite your passions, and overcome obstacles with determination and strength. These dragons can be particularly helpful in protection spells, personal growth, and any magical work that requires a fiery spark.

Water Dragons: Water dragons, as you might expect, are attuned to the element of water. They are associated with emotions, intuition, and the ebb and flow of life. Working with water dragons can help you navigate the depths of your emotions, enhance your intuition, and connect with the mysteries of the subconscious. In your magical practices, water dragons can be invaluable allies for healing, purification, and enhancing your emotional intelligence.

To work with dragons aligned with a specific element, it is crucial to understand the unique qualities and characteristics associated with that element. When performing spells or rituals, practitioners can call upon the corresponding elemental dragon to amplify the energy they wish to channel. For example, when seeking emotional healing, you might invoke the assistance of a water dragon, or when pursuing a creative project, an air dragon can offer inspiration.

Incorporating elemental associations into your Dragon Magick practice not only adds depth to your magical workings but also strengthens your connection with the natural world. By aligning with the elemental energies of earth, air, fire, and water through dragon companionship, you can create a more profound and harmonious connection between your intentions and the forces of nature. Each elemental dragon brings a unique flavor to your practice, enriching your journey through the mystical realms of Dragon Magick.

Dragon Familiars: Mystical Companions
In the realm of magic and mystical practice, the concept of familiars has long held a place of reverence. Familiars are often seen as guides, protectors, and companions for those who traverse the path of the mystic. While cats, owls, and other creatures have frequently been associated with familiars, the mystical world of Dragon Magick offers a unique perspective – the notion of dragon familiars.

Connecting with Dragon Familiars
A dragon familiar is a mythical being that has chosen to ally itself with a practitioner of Dragon Magick. This sacred bond is formed through mutual respect, trust, and a shared spiritual journey. Those fortunate enough to connect with a dragon familiar find themselves gifted with a remarkable companion on their magical endeavors.

Benefits of a Dragon Familiar:
Guidance and Wisdom: A dragon familiar serves as a wellspring of wisdom and guidance. Their ancient knowledge and profound understanding of the spiritual realms can provide invaluable insights for practitioners. They often act as mentors, helping individuals navigate the complexities of their magical path.

Protection and Warding: Dragon familiars are fierce protectors. They safeguard their human companions from negative energies, psychic attacks, and spiritual threats. The presence of a dragon familiar can create a powerful protective barrier around the practitioner.

Enhanced Magical Abilities: The connection with a dragon familiar can amplify one’s magical abilities. Practitioners often find that their spells and rituals are more potent and effective with the assistance of their familiar. They act as conduits for channeling dragon energy into magical workings.

Spiritual Growth: Dragon familiars are catalysts for spiritual growth and transformation. Their profound influence can facilitate personal evolution, deepen spiritual insights, and help practitioners reach higher levels of consciousness.

Emotional Support: In times of emotional turmoil or spiritual crisis, dragon familiars offer solace and emotional support. Their presence can be comforting, providing a source of strength during challenging moments.

Responsibilities of Having a Dragon Familiar:
While the benefits of having a dragon familiar are profound, the relationship also carries responsibilities. Here are some key considerations:

Mutual Respect: The relationship between a practitioner and their dragon familiar is built on mutual respect. It is essential to honor the dragon’s autonomy and not attempt to control or dominate them.

Communication: Establish open and clear communication with your familiar. This can involve meditation, dreams, or divination techniques to receive guidance and insights from your companion.

Protection and Care: Just as they protect you, it is your responsibility to protect and care for your dragon familiar. Ensure they have a safe and energetically nurturing environment.

Mutual Growth: The relationship should be a mutually beneficial one. The practitioner should not merely seek to exploit the dragon’s powers but should also assist the dragon in their own spiritual growth and evolution.

Confidentiality: Maintain the confidentiality of your interactions with your dragon familiar. It is considered respectful to keep many aspects of your connection private and sacred.

Offerings and Gratitude: Express gratitude and make offerings to your dragon familiar regularly. These can be physical offerings such as crystals or herbs, or simply expressions of thanks during your rituals and meditations.

The concept of dragon familiars in Dragon Magick is a powerful and sacred one. When practitioners form a bond with these mythical beings, they unlock a wealth of magical potential and spiritual growth. However, this relationship should always be approached with reverence, responsibility, and a deep commitment to mutual respect and understanding. In the mystical journey of Dragon Magick, a dragon familiar is not just a companion; they are a wise and eternal friend on the path of magic and spirituality.

Guardians of the Dream Realm: Dragons in Lucid Dreaming
Dreams have always been a mysterious gateway to the subconscious, a place where the mind can roam free and explore the realms of the unknown. For practitioners of Dragon Magick, the dream realm offers a unique opportunity to connect with dragons on a profound level. Lucid dreaming, in particular, allows you to not only witness but actively engage with these magnificent creatures in your dreams.

Connecting with Dragons in Lucid Dreams
Lucid dreaming is a state of consciousness where you become aware that you are dreaming and can even influence and direct the dream’s unfolding. To connect with dragons in your dreams, it’s essential to practice lucid dreaming techniques. Here are a few tips to help get you started. Refer to our guide section for more tips on lucid dreaming.

Dream Journal: Start by keeping a dream journal. Every morning, write down your dreams, even if they seem trivial or fragmented. This practice will help you improve dream recall and recognize recurring dream symbols, including dragons.

Reality Checks: Throughout the day, perform reality checks. Question the nature of your reality by asking, “Am I dreaming?” This habit will carry over into your dreams, making it more likely that you’ll recognize when you’re in a dream.

Meditation and Visualization: Incorporate meditation and visualization techniques into your daily routine. Visualize yourself becoming aware in a dream and encountering a dragon. The more you practice, the more likely it is to occur in your dreams.

Intention Setting: Before falling asleep, set a clear intention to meet a dragon in your dream. You can do this by mentally affirming your desire to connect with these mystical beings.

Dream Incubation: Use a technique known as dream incubation, where you focus your thoughts and intentions on a specific dream scenario, such as meeting a dragon. This plants the idea in your subconscious mind, making it more likely to manifest in your dreams.

The Significance of Dream Encounters with Dragons
Meeting dragons in your lucid dreams is a powerful and transformative experience. These dream encounters can carry deep symbolic meaning and offer valuable insights. Here’s what they may signify:

Guidance and Protection: Dragons are often seen as protectors and guides. Meeting a dragon in your dream may symbolize their willingness to offer you protection and guidance in waking life.

Unconscious Wisdom: Dragons in dreams can represent the untapped wisdom within your own subconscious. Pay attention to any messages or wisdom they impart during your dream interactions.

Inner Transformation: Dragons are creatures of transformation. Dream encounters with dragons may indicate that significant changes or personal growth are on the horizon.

Psychic Development: Some believe that dreams involving dragons can be a sign of latent psychic abilities or spiritual awakening. These dreams may mark a deepening connection to the spiritual realms.

Using Dream Experiences for Personal Growth
The wisdom gained from dream encounters with dragons can be applied to your waking life and your magical practice. Here’s how to use these experiences for personal growth:

Journal Your Dreams: Record your dream encounters with dragons in your dream journal. Reflect on the messages, guidance, or symbolism they carry.

Meditation and Integration: Use meditation to delve deeper into the meaning of your dream experiences. Integrate the wisdom gained into your daily life and magical practices.

Set Intentions: Before sleep, set intentions for specific areas of your life where you seek guidance or transformation. Ask the dragons for assistance and clarity in these areas during your dream encounters.

Share and Seek Guidance: Discuss your dream experiences with fellow practitioners of Dragon Magick or dream interpretation experts to gain different perspectives and insights.

Meeting dragons in your lucid dreams is a magical and enlightening experience, one that can deepen your connection with these mystical beings and provide invaluable guidance and wisdom. As you explore the dream realm with an open heart and an inquisitive mind, you’ll find that the dragons are not just guardians of the physical world but also enchanting guides in the realm of dreams.

Dragon Magick and Healing
In the realm of Dragon Magick, the role of dragons extends beyond mere mystical symbolism and into the realm of healing. Dragons are believed to possess immense energies that can be harnessed for physical, emotional, and spiritual healing. This ancient practice intertwines the raw power of these majestic beings with the healing energies they offer to those who seek their aid.

Harnessing Dragon Energy for Healing
Physical Healing: In Dragon Magick, dragons are often revered for their ability to infuse one’s being with vitality and strength. To channel dragon energy for physical healing, practitioners often perform rituals or meditations where they invite the assistance of dragons. By visualizing the dragon’s healing breath or light surrounding and permeating the body, practitioners believe they can promote physical wellness and aid in recovery from illness or injury.

Emotional Healing: Dragons also play a crucial role in emotional healing. Their wisdom and guidance can offer solace and support in times of emotional turmoil. Through meditation or rituals, practitioners can call upon the energy of compassionate dragons to soothe emotional wounds, providing a sense of comfort and inner peace.

Spiritual Healing: For spiritual healing, dragons serve as conduits for enlightenment and spiritual growth. Their ancient wisdom and connection to higher realms can guide practitioners on their spiritual journey. By invoking the energy of dragons, individuals can seek clarity, understanding, and alignment with their higher selves.

Simple Healing Rituals and Techniques
Dragon Breathing Meditation: Find a quiet and peaceful space. Close your eyes and visualize a healing dragon—choose the color associated with the type of healing you seek (e.g., green for physical healing, blue for emotional healing). Envision the dragon breathing its healing energy upon you. Breathe deeply, imagining you’re inhaling the dragon’s healing breath and exhaling any ailments or negativity.

Healing Altar or Grid: Create a healing altar or crystal grid dedicated to dragon healing. Place items associated with healing (crystals, herbs, images of dragons) in a pattern, inviting the energy of dragons to infuse these items. Sit near the altar or grid, focusing on the intention of healing and absorbing the energy emitted.

Dragon Chant or Affirmation: Develop a chant or affirmation that calls upon the healing energy of dragons. Repeat this chant during meditation or as part of a ritual to strengthen the connection with dragon healing energy.

Healing Visualization: During meditation, visualize yourself in a serene and healing environment, surrounded by gentle, radiant dragon energy. Imagine this energy enveloping you, permeating every cell of your body, bringing about the healing you seek.

Cleansing Ritual with Dragons: Use the power of dragons in a cleansing ritual. Light a candle representing the color associated with the type of healing you desire. State your intention for healing and invite the assistance of the dragons, asking them to cleanse and purify your body, mind, and spirit.

Remember, the efficacy of these practices lies in the intention, belief, and connection established with the dragon energies. Approach these healing rituals with sincerity and an open heart, allowing the mystical power of the dragons to assist in your healing journey.

Connecting with Dragon Energy in Nature
In the enchanting world of Dragon Magick, the natural world is viewed as a canvas of mystical energies, and one of the most potent and profound sources of these energies is the elemental world itself. To practitioners of this ancient tradition, connecting with dragon energy in nature is not only a ritual but a deeply spiritual and transformative experience. The natural elements—earth, air, fire, and water—are believed to hold the essence of dragons, and attuning oneself to these energies can be a powerful and enlightening practice.

Techniques for Connecting with Dragon Energy in Nature:
Seek Dragon’s Sanctuaries: Certain natural locations are believed to hold a strong connection to dragon energy. Mountains, cliffs, caves, and rocky terrain are often considered dragon sanctuaries. Waterfalls, lakes, and bodies of water, with their constant flow and change, are also believed to be inhabited by dragons. Seek out these places and spend time there to absorb the elemental energies.

Observation and Meditation: When in a dragon sanctuary, take the time to observe the natural surroundings. Breathe deeply and let the energy of the place wash over you. Find a comfortable spot to sit or lie down and meditate. In your meditation, visualize the presence of dragons in the natural elements surrounding you.

Breathing and Elemental Connection: As you meditate in these natural settings, practice elemental breathing. Inhale deeply, imagining you are drawing the essence of the specific element into your body: earth for grounding, air for clarity, fire for passion, and water for emotional healing. Feel the elemental energy coursing through you as you exhale.

Offerings and Tokens: To show respect and gratitude to the dragon energy in the natural world, consider leaving offerings or tokens. These can be crystals, herbs, or even words of appreciation. It’s a gesture of acknowledgement and a means of creating a bond with the dragons of the land.

Symbolic Visualization: Visualize the dragons present in these natural surroundings. Imagine their forms in the shapes of rocks, cliffs, or the patterns of flowing water. See their eyes in the glittering reflections of sunlight or moonlight on the water. As you practice this, you may begin to sense the presence of these mythical beings more acutely.

Elemental Communion Ritual: Perform a ritual to establish a deeper connection with the elemental energies and the dragons that reside within them. This can include chanting, invoking the elements, and offering your intentions and gratitude for the connection.

Elemental Magic: As you spend time in these natural dragon sanctuaries, consider engaging in elemental magic, such as grounding exercises, weather-working, or rituals that honor the elemental forces. Align your magical practice with the energies of the land and the dragons that inhabit it.

Maintain a Nature Journal: Keep a journal where you record your experiences, thoughts, and feelings during your encounters with dragon energy in nature. This can help you track your progress and reflect on the significance of these connections.

By embracing the natural world and attuning oneself to the elemental energies believed to be inhabited by dragons, practitioners of Dragon Magick can deepen their spiritual connection and access the ancient wisdom and power that resides within these mystical beings. These encounters with dragon energy in nature offer not only a profound sense of communion with the elements but also a doorway to a greater understanding of the mystical realms and the magic they hold.

Dragon Altar and Tools
Creating a dragon-themed altar is a sacred and transformative act in Dragon Magick. Your altar serves as a focal point for your rituals, a place of connection with dragon energies, and a reflection of your devotion to this mystical practice. As you embark on this journey, it’s essential to understand the significance of various tools and how to set up a visually stunning and energetically charged space for your Dragon Magick practice.

Setting Up Your Dragon Altar:
Choosing the Location: Select a quiet and undisturbed location for your altar. It can be indoors or outdoors, depending on your preference and the availability of space. Ensure that the energy in the area is peaceful and conducive to your practice.

The Altar Surface: Your altar can be as simple as a dedicated table, shelf, or any flat surface. It’s preferable to choose a surface that resonates with the earth element, such as wood or stone, to ground and anchor the energy.

Altar Cloth: Cover your altar with a dragon-themed cloth. The cloth not only adds an aesthetic touch but also defines the sacred space of your altar.

Candles: Place dragon-themed candles on your altar. Red, green, blue, and black candles can represent the elemental dragons and their unique energies. Lighting these candles symbolizes the presence of dragons and invokes their power.

Dragon Statues and Figurines: Dragon statues are central to a dragon-themed altar. Choose statues that resonate with your intuition or specific intentions. Dragon figurines are believed to embody the essence of the dragons they represent. Position them as guardians and sentinels of your sacred space.

Crystals and Gemstones: Select crystals and gemstones that align with your purpose. Clear quartz for clarity, amethyst for intuition, and carnelian for courage are excellent choices. Arrange these stones in a manner that enhances the energy flow on your altar.

Herbs and Incense: Burn dragon-themed incense, such as dragon’s blood or a blend of earthy scents, to purify and charge your altar. You can also use herbs and dried flowers with dragon associations, such as lavender or rosemary, for added energetic significance.

Ancestral Items: Incorporate any ancestral items or personal mementos that hold significance for you and relate to your Dragon Magick practice. These can enhance the personal and spiritual connection with your altar.

Offerings: Create a small dish for offerings to the dragons. These can be simple offerings like herbs, crystals, or small tokens of appreciation. Offerings show respect and gratitude to the dragon energies.

Setting Up Your Altar Space:
Cleansing: Before setting up your altar, cleanse the area to remove any stagnant or negative energy. You can use a smudging ritual with sage, cedar, or dragon’s blood incense.

Centerpiece: Position the largest dragon statue or figurine as the centerpiece of your altar, symbolizing the central connection to the dragon energies.

Candle Placement: Arrange the elemental candles around the central dragon figurine, with each candle corresponding to one of the four elements.

Crystals and Gemstones: Place the crystals and gemstones around the candles, ensuring they resonate with the intentions of your practice.

Incense Holder: Position the incense holder on your altar, ready for use during rituals.

Ancestral Items: If you have ancestral items, position them in a manner that resonates with the overall design of your altar.

Offering Dish: Set up the offering dish near the center of your altar, as an invitation for the dragons to accept your gratitude.

Maintaining Your Dragon Altar:
Regular Cleansing: Keep your altar clean and energetically pure by performing regular cleansing rituals. This can include smudging, as well as energetic clearing and charging with intention.

Updating the Theme: Over time, you may want to change or add items to your altar based on your evolving practice and goals. Trust your intuition and make adjustments as needed.

Connecting and Meditating: Spend time at your altar, meditating, and connecting with the dragon energies. This enhances the energetic charge of your sacred space.

Rituals and Spells: Use your altar as a dedicated space for performing Dragon Magick rituals and spells. The energetic connection you’ve established will amplify the effectiveness of your practices.

Creating a dragon-themed altar is a beautiful and powerful way to deepen your connection with the mystical world of Dragon Magick. By thoughtfully selecting tools and items that resonate with your intentions and setting up your altar with care, you create a space where you can work in harmony with the energies of dragons, enhancing your magical practice and spiritual journey.

Dragon Magick and Elemental Rituals
In the captivating world of Dragon Magick, the four classical elements—earth, air, fire, and water—play a significant role, and rituals that align with these elements offer practitioners a powerful means to harness the energy of dragons. These elemental rituals allow for a deeper connection with the natural forces that underpin the world of magick. Here, we’ll explore specific rituals that focus on harnessing the elemental energy of dragons for purposes ranging from protection and purification to transformation and manifestation.

Earth Dragon Protection Ritual:
Intent: Protection, Stability, and Security

What You’ll Need:
A small representation of an earth dragon (statue or image)
A black or green candle
A bowl of salt
Earthy incense (such as patchouli or cedar)
A piece of black tourmaline or obsidian (for grounding and protection)

Begin by setting up your ritual space. Place the earth dragon representation at the center.
Light the black or green candle to represent the element of earth.
Sprinkle the salt around the dragon figure in a protective circle. As you do this, envision a shield forming around you.
Light the earthy incense and pass the dragon figure through the smoke to cleanse and purify it.
Hold the black tourmaline or obsidian and ask the earth dragon for protection, stability, and security. Place the crystal in front of the dragon figure.
Meditate on the earth element’s grounding and protective qualities, visualizing yourself enveloped in a shield of earth energy.
When you feel the connection is strong, thank the earth dragon, and extinguish the candle. You can leave the salt circle in place for ongoing protection.

Air Dragon Clarity Ritual:
Intent: Mental Clarity, Communication, and Inspiration

What You’ll Need:
A small representation of an air dragon (statue or image)
A white or yellow candle
Incense with a light, airy scent (such as lavender or frankincense)
A clear quartz crystal (for mental clarity and amplification)

Set up your ritual space, placing the air dragon representation at the center.
Light the white or yellow candle to symbolize the element of air.
Burn the airy-scented incense and pass the dragon figure through the smoke to cleanse and purify it.
Hold the clear quartz crystal and ask the air dragon for mental clarity, communication, and inspiration. Place the crystal in front of the dragon figure.
Meditate on the air element’s qualities of mental clarity and the free flow of ideas. Visualize your mind becoming clear and focused.
When you sense a strong connection, thank the air dragon, and extinguish the candle.

Fire Dragon Transformation Ritual:
Intent: Transformation, Empowerment, and Overcoming Obstacles

What You’ll Need:
A small representation of a fire dragon (statue or image)
A red or orange candle
Fiery-scented incense (such as cinnamon or clove)
A piece of carnelian or red jasper (for courage and transformation)

Prepare your ritual space with the fire dragon representation at the center.
Light the red or orange candle to represent the element of fire.
Burn the fiery-scented incense and pass the dragon figure through the smoke to cleanse and purify it.
Hold the carnelian or red jasper and ask the fire dragon for courage, transformation, and the strength to overcome obstacles. Place the crystal in front of the dragon figure.
Meditate on the fire element’s qualities of transformation and empowerment. Visualize yourself overcoming challenges and emerging stronger.
When you feel a strong connection, thank the fire dragon and extinguish the candle.

Water Dragon Manifestation Ritual:
Intent: Manifestation, Emotional Healing, and Intuition

What You’ll Need:
A small representation of a water dragon (statue or image)
A blue or silver candle
Water-scented incense (such as jasmine or rose)
A piece of moonstone or aquamarine (for intuition and emotional healing)

Arrange your ritual space, with the water dragon representation at the center.
Light the blue or silver candle to symbolize the element of water.
Burn the water-scented incense and pass the dragon figure through the smoke to cleanse and purify it.
Hold the moonstone or aquamarine and ask the water dragon for manifestation, emotional healing, and heightened intuition. Place the crystal in front of the dragon figure.
Meditate on the water element’s qualities of emotional healing and intuition. Visualize your desires coming to fruition and your emotions in balance.
When you sense a strong connection, thank the water dragon, and extinguish the candle.
These elemental rituals in Dragon Magick enable practitioners to tap into the diverse energies of dragons associated with the four elements. Whether you seek protection, clarity, transformation, or manifestation, these rituals empower you to work in harmony with the natural forces of the world while connecting with the mystical guidance of dragons.

Final Musings:
Dragon Magick is a fascinating and empowering path that offers a deep connection to the energy of these mythical creatures. As a woman in her forties, I can attest to the transformative potential of this practice, and I encourage you to explore it for yourself. Remember, like any magickal practice, patience and dedication are key to unlocking the full potential of Dragon Magick. May your journey be filled with wisdom, strength, and the blessings of the dragons. Embrace the mystical, for it has the power to shape your life in extraordinary ways.

Ravens & Crows in Mythology

In Celtic mythology, the warrior goddess known as the Morrighan often appears in the form of a crow or raven or is seen accompanied by a group of them. Typically, these birds appear in groups of three, and they are seen as a sign that the Morrighan is watching—or possibly getting ready to pay someone a visit.

In some tales of the Welsh myth cycle, the Mabinogion, the raven is a harbinger of death. Witches and sorcerers were believed to have the ability to transform themselves into ravens and fly away, thus enabling them to evade capture.

The Native Americans often saw the raven as a trickster, much like Coyote. There are a number of tales regarding the mischief of Raven, who is sometimes seen as a symbol of transformation. In the legends of various tribes, Raven is typically associated with everything from the creation of the world to the gift of sunlight to mankind. Some tribes knew the raven as a stealer of souls.

“In Native American folklore, the intelligence of crows is usually portrayed as their most important feature. In some tribes, the crow is conflated with the raven, a larger cousin of the crow that shares many of the same characteristics. In other tribes, Crow and Raven are distinct mythological characters. Crows are also used as clan animals in some Native American cultures.”

Some of the tribes with Crow clans include the Chippewa, the Hopi, the Tlingit, and the Pueblo tribes of the American Southwest.

For those who follow the Norse pantheon, Odin is often represented by the raven—usually a pair of them. Early artwork depicts him as being accompanied by two black birds, who are described in the Eddas as Huginn and Munnin. Their names translate to “thought” and “memory,” and their job is to serve as Odin’s spies, bringing him news each night from the land of men.

messengers of doom and gloom, it’s bad luck to kill a crow. If you accidentally do so, you’re supposed to bury it—and be sure to wear black when you do!

In some places, it’s not the sighting of a crow or raven itself, but the number that you see which is important. Mike Cahill at Creepy Basement says,

“Seeing just a single crow is considered an omen of bad luck. Finding two crows, however, means good luck. Three crows mean health, and four crows mean wealth. Yet spotting five crows means sickness is coming, and witnessing six crows means death is nearby.”

Even within the Christian religion, ravens hold a special significance. While they are referred to as “unclean” within the Bible, Genesis tells us that after the flood waters receded, the raven was the first bird Noah sent out from the ark to find land. Also, in the Hebrew Talmud, ravens are credited with teaching mankind how to deal with death; when Cain slew Abel, a raven showed Adam and Eve how to bury the body, because they had never done so before.

What is an Animal Familiar?

In some traditions of modern Paganism, including the various Wiccan paths, the concept of an animal familiar is incorporated into practice. Today, a familiar is often defined as an animal with whom we have a magical connection, but in truth, the concept is a bit more complex than this.

HISTORY OF THE FAMILIAR

During the days of the European witch hunts, familiars were “said to be given to witches by the devil,” according to Rosemary Guiley’s Encyclopedia of Witches and Witchcraft.

They were, in essence, small demons which could be sent out to do a witch’s bidding. Although cats – especially black ones – were the favored vessel for such a demon to inhabit, dogs, toads, and other small animals were sometimes used.

In some Scandinavian countries, familiars were associated with spirits of the land and nature. Fairies, dwarves, and other elemental beings were believed to inhabit the physical bodies of animals. Once the Christian church came along, this practice went underground — because any spirit other than an angel must be a demon. During the witch-hunt era, many domestic animals were killed because of their association with known witches and heretics.

During the Salem witch trials, there is little account of the practice of animal familiars, although one man was charged with encouraging a dog to attack by way of magical means. The dog, interestingly enough, was tried, convicted, and hanged.

In shamanistic practices, the animal familiar is not a physical being at all, but a thought-form or spiritual entity. It often travels astrally, or serves as a magical guardian against those who might try to psychically attack the shaman.

Many people in the NeoPagan community have adapted the term to mean an actual, living animal.

You’ll encounter many Pagans who have an animal companion that they consider their familiar – even though this is a co-opting of the word’s original meaning – and most people no longer believe that these are spirits or demons inhabiting an animal. Instead, they have an emotional and psychic bond with the cat, dog, or whatever, who is attuned to the powers of its human partner.

FINDING A FAMILIAR

Not everyone has, needs, or even wants a familiar. If you have an animal companion as a pet, such as a cat or dog, try working on strengthening your psychic connection with that animal. Books such as Ted Andrews’ Animal Speak contain some excellent pointers on how to do this.

If an animal has appeared in your life unexpectedly — such as a stray cat that appears regularly, for instance — it’s possible that it may have been drawn to you psychically. However, be sure to rule out mundane reasons for its appearance first. If you’re leaving out food for the local feral kitties, that’s a far more logical explanation. Likewise, if you see a sudden influx of birds, consider the season — is the ground thawing, making food more available? Not all animal visitors are magical – sometimes, they’re just coming to visit.

If you’d like to draw a familiar to you, some traditions believe you can do this by meditation. Find a quiet place to sit undisturbed, and allow your mind to wander. As you journey, you may encounter various people or objects. Focus your intent on meeting an animal companion, and see if you come into contact with any.

Author and artist Sarah Anne Lawless says, “[Animal familiars] select you, not the other way around. Everyone wishes their familiar was a bear, wolf, mountain lion, fox — all the usual suspects — but in reality this is usually not the case. In most cases an apprentice witch or shaman starts with smaller less powerful animal helpers and over time as their power and knowledge increases they acquire stronger and more powerful animal familiars. Keep in mind that the size of an animal does not reflect its power as some of the most powerful animals are also the smallest.

In cases of true hereditary witchcraft or shamanism animal familiars can be inherited from a dying elder as they have a vested interest in you as family. Even though you cannot select one, you can seek them out and invite them into your life, but you cannot request which animal they will be.”

In addition to familiars, some people do magical work with what’s called a power animal or a spirit animal. A power animal is a spiritual guardian that some people connect with. However, much like other spiritual entities, there’s no rule or guideline that says you must have one. If you happen to connect with an animal entity while meditating or performing astral travel, then that may be your power animal, or it may just be curious about what you’re up to.

A black cat crossing your path

The most common American myth is that a black cat crossing your path is a catastrophic symbol of bad luck, on par with walking under a ladder or stepping on a crack.

Every myth – good or bad – about black cats has been imposed on them by humans. They are the last to get adopted and the first chosen for euthanasia in shelters because of the difficulty in finding them proper homes.

Black Cats Are the Familiars of Witches

In most of Europe a black cat arriving at one’s home is actually considered good luck. Somewhere along the line as the separatists fled to America for religious freedom, they became associated with evil and witchcraft. Many early settlers believed that witches could take the form of black cats in order to sneak around in the darkness and wreak havoc.

The association with witchcraft is also how the myth that cats have nine lives began. It was rumoured that a witch had the ability to shape-shift into a cat nine times.

Black Cats Are Incarnations of Satan


In the Middle Ages, black cats became associated with black magic and the devil. The 1233 document “Vox in Rama” – which translates as “To Deal With the Topic of Devil Worship” – Pope Gregory XI claimed that Satan could take the form of a black cat when walking the earth. The result was panic and slaughter of thousands of black cats over the following century.

Black Cats Are Omens of Death

According to Greek mythology, a slave named Galinthias was turned into a black cat by Zeus’ wife, Hera as punishment for trying to prevent the birth of Heracles. Galinthias was sent to the underworld in her feline form to become a priestess of Hecate, Goddess of Death and Queen of the Witches. This association with Hecate led many to see a black cat as a bad omen indicating impending death.

Black Cats Are Symbols of Luck & Prosperity

In the south of France, black cats are referred to as “matagots” or “magician cats.” According to local superstition, they bring good luck to owners who feed them well and treat them with respect.

In nautical history, black cats were chosen to accompany ships on long voyages because of their association with good luck. The wives of sailors and fishermen also kept them as pets, believing their presence would keep their husbands safe at sea.

In the English Midlands, a black cat was a common good luck wedding gift to the bride, and some superstitious stage actors still believe that a black cat in the audience on opening night means a successful run for the show

All Cats Represent Strength & Protection

All Cats Represent Strength & Protection

As far back as 3100 BC, all cats, regardless of colour or characteristic were worshipped as sacred beings in Egyptian and Muslim cultures. They were considered symbols of grace, strength and protection. Although no longer worshipped, cats still retain a positive reputation in these cultures as well as Japan and most of Europe.

Black Cats and Witches

Black cats have long been associated with witches and witchcraft to the extent that during October, the Month of Halloween, black cats and witches are favorite icons used for costumes, home decor, and party themes. This trend is so embedded in modern society that we’ve forgotten that the modern holiday we celebrate as Halloween has ancient beginnings as well as names:

Samhain

The religious year of Pagans starts and ends with Samhain, which is also the beginning of the Celtic new year,” according to Patti Wigington, Pagan/Wiccan Expert. Samhaim is also a time for honoring ancestors who came before, Patti explains.

All Hallows’ Eve

Catholics celebrate the first of November as The Solemnity of All Saints. October 31st is thereby designated as All Hallows’ Eve (since the Saints celebrated on November 1st are considered hallowed.

Despite these religious beginnings of Halloween, old beliefs about black cats and witches still play a large part in this holiday.

Black Cats as Witches’ Familiars

It was largely in the Middle Ages that the black cat became affiliated with evil. Because cats are nocturnal and roam at night, they were believed to be supernatural servants of witches, or even witches themselves, according to Glenda Moore.

Folklore has it that if a witch becomes human, her black cat will no longer reside in her house.

Some believe that black cats are witches in disguise, or witches reborn.

Others believe black cats are witches familiars (beings that aid witches in performing their craft). Not all familiars were black cats though; some were cats of other colors, dogs, pigs, or other animals.

For several centuries “witches” were rounded up, tried, and killed by burning or other violent methods; often their familiars were killed along with them.

Regardless of these superstitions, black cats have their own large group of loyal followers, people who love to be surrounded by these glossy black vessels of love.

Black cat folklore, superstition, and mythology

Black cats have played a major role for centuries in folklore, superstition, and mythology. Black cats in the middle ages were believed to be witches’ familiars, and some people even believed them to be witches incarnate. Many of these old superstitions about black cats exist to this day.

Explore the mythology and lore about black cats, witches, and other beliefs that carry on in the 21st century, especially around Halloween.

Black Cats and Luck

Depending on one’s area of the world (and the century one lived in), black cats portend either good or bad luck. Here are some examples, a couple of them quite involved, with some tongue-in-cheek asides.

In Asia and the U.K., a black cat is considered lucky.

In Yorkshire, England, it may be lucky to own a black cat, but it is unlucky to have one cross your path.

To dream of a black cat is lucky.

On the other paw, seeing a black cat in your dream indicates that you are experiencing some fear in using your psychic abilities and believing in your intuition. I wonder who makes up these things?

A funeral procession meeting up with a black cat is believed to forecast the death of another family member.

In 16th-century Italy, people believed that if someone was sick he would die if a black cat lay on his bed.

In North America, it’s considered bad luck if a black cat crosses your path and good luck if a white cat crosses your path. In the U.K., switch the colors, I guess unless you live in Yorkshire.

Finding a white hair on a black cat brings good luck. Don’t pluck it though, or your luck may turn bad.

A strange black cat on a porch brings prosperity to the owner. (Scottish Lore)

A black cat seen from behind portends a bad omen. (And a black cat seen from the front is a GOOD omen?)

Ahhh…an explanation here: If a black cat walks towards you, it brings good fortune, but if it walks away, it takes the good luck with it.

If a black cat crosses your path while you’re driving, turn your hat around backward and mark an X on your windshield to prevent bad luck. Oh my, what if you aren’t wearing a hat? Or you’re not carrying a felt-tip pen or lipstick? Please, don’t try this one at home! (Or while you’re driving.)

Far Eastern Bat Symbolic Meanings

In the Far East, particularly China, the Bat represents good fortune and longevity. The number of Bats seen also has meaning. Two Bats are greater luck, and five represents the five blessings of long life, wealth, honor, health and a natural death. Feng Shui experts use bat symbols for attracting happiness and satisfying dreams.

Bats with gold coins in their mouth are often placed in the West or Northwest of a home to open Chi for a happy family and help from notable people. Hang it from your door to safeguard the house from sickness.

In Japan they are also a good omen. Bat symbols appear on various pieces of art to encourage wish fulfilment.

Black Bat Dreams

Black Bat Dreams speak of forthcoming personal disasters so be diligent in discerning if it is time to conduct a spiritual cleanup of your self and surroundings.

Conversely, seeing a Bat in your dreams could be symbols of individuals in your sphere who are ‘energy vampires’. These people will suck you dry of any resource (financial, emotional and mental) you have.

Blind as a Bat Dreams – This is a literal symbol alerting you to stay alert regarding a situation you might be walking into ‘blind’. Take this an omen to pay close attention and be extremely discerning when investigating and considering all the facts hidden and obvious.

White Bat Dreams – White is the colour of purity and ascension so dreams about a white bat may symbolise the death of a person close to you.

Bat Dreams

Note: Not all dreams about Bats are morbid. Depending on other factors of the dream, your subconscious or higher-self could be sending a gentle and humorous message to let you know that you or someone close to you is acting a little “batty”.

When Bat wings its way into your dream time it represents potential that hasn’t been tapped yet. Whatever you were doing in the past is NOT who you are today. If you are considering any type of contractual negotiations, read carefully between the lines.

Dream about Bats can be powerful omens of negative energy. But this is ONLY because society has vilified these amazing animals. Bats are associated with tales of vampires and other demonic entities. Because of this Bats symbolise being internally (mentally, emotionally and spiritually) ‘unclean’.

Hares

Despite hares being seen as unlucky in British Folklore, its actually a white hare that was thought to be unlucky, well more so a foreboding + that your normal brown hares crossing your path was lucky.

Then there’s the whole thing of witches disguised as hares……..well more so they were believed to use hares as a distraction. Some say that a witch could put their fetch into a hare (or rabbit) or could transform into a hare to escape the eyes of others.

But then there were stories of witches being able to place the spirit of another into a hare. Whether that was to trap the spirit of another or to save. You see, it was seen that the hare could straddle 2 worlds, that of earth and of the otherworlds.

The hare is said to be the fastest Land mammal native to the UK, reaching speeds of up to 40mph. Pairing that with the quietness + swiftly manoeuvring around with out being seen, is the reason why hares are rarely seen, unlike rabbits.

In folklore, it’s said that when a white hare crosses your path, to repeat the following; “Hare before, Trouble behind: Change ye, Cross, and free me.”

But it was the Romans who introduced the brown hare to the UK. One story of a hare that made it through history, is that of Boudicca consulting the entrails of a hare, that would foretell her success of conquering the Romans, then releasing her curse onto Roman soldiers, when she released a hare to run their way before charging into battle.

But where does the saying ‘as mad as a march hare’ come from? That would be to do with Hare’s mating season, you’d be lucky to see 2 male hares wrestling during this time. However, their mating season can usually run from February to August.

Cockerels

Symbols of light and goodness, cocks have been favored birds of sacrifice to the gods.

The cock is sacred and is associated with sun deities; it has the power to banish evil.

The cock is a bird of omen, both of luck (in Wales) and death and evil (in Hungary).

It is also a symbol of fertility and has been used in divination for centuries around the world.

The cock is an embodiment of the corn-spirit, who guards the corn crop until it can be harvested.

The last sheaf of corn is variously called the cock-sheaf, cock, harvest-cock, autumn-hen and harvest-hen.

Traditionally, a cock is sacrificially killed at the end of harvest, in order to ensure a bountiful crop the following season.

According to some customs, the cock is bound up in the cock-sheaf and then run through with a spit.

Sometimes it is buried in the fields up to its neck and then beheaded.

Or, it is whipped, beaten or stoned to death.

It is either cooked, or the flesh is thrown out and the skin and feathers saved tobe sprinkled on the new fields in the spring.

During the witch hunts, witches were said to sacrifice cocks as an offense to God.

The cock represented God, light and goodness, the very things that the Devil’s legions hated.

Accused Irish witch Dame Alice Kyteler in the 14th century supposedly sacrificed cocks to her familiar at a crossroads.

Witches also were said to sacrifice cocks over their cauldrons as part of their spells to raise rain and storms (see storm raising).

The witches’ sabbats allegedly went on all night until cock-crow, at which point the revelers scattered.

Montague Summers observed in The History of Witchcraft and Demonology (1926):

That the crowing of a cock dissolves enchantments is a tradition of extremest antiquity.

The Jews believed that the clapping of a cock’s wing will make the power of demons ineffectual and break magic spells. . . .

The rites of Satan ceased [at dawn] because the Holy Office of the Church began.

In the time of S. Benedict Matins and Lauds were recited at dawn and were actually often known as Gallicinium, Cock-crow.

Nicholas Rémy, 16th-century French demonologist and witch prosecutor, said that a witch confessed to him that cocks were hated by all witches and sorcerers

. The cock heralds the dawn, which brings light to the sins of the night and rouses men to the worship of God.

Cocks were said to crow at the birth of Christ and at his death.

During the Middle Ages, the cock became an important Christian symbol of vigilance and resurrection, and earned a place at the top of church steeples, domes and buildings.

Cats

Cats have been associated with the supernatural since ancient times.

Cats are associated with either good or bad luck, healing or harm.

In folklore, the cat is one of the favored animal companions of witches, sorcerers  and fortune-tellers.

Superstitions about cats abound.

The cat was sacred to the ancient Egyptians, who associated it with the Moon and Bast, the goddess of marriage.

It also was associated with the Mother Goddess, Isis.

In Egyptian art, the sun god, Ra, was personified as a cat slaying the Serpent of Darkness.

Black cats were associated with darkness and death. According to lore, virtually every sorcerer, witch and Gypsy fortune-teller was supposed to have a cat—and sometimes an owl and a toad as well.

During the witch hunts, cats were familiars; they embodied demons who performed the witches’ tasks of maleficia against their neighbors.

Elizabeth Francis of Chelmsford, England, convicted as a witch in 1556, said she kept a white spotted cat named Sathan, which, whenever it performed a job for her, demanded a reward of a drop of her blood Witches were said to be able to assume the shape of a cat nine times, presumably because a cat has nine lives.

Black cats were said to be the Devil himself.

Throughout medieval Europe, black cats were routinely hunted down and burned, especially on Shrove Tuesday and Easter.

A cat accused of being a witch’s familiar usually was killed by being burned alive.

Cats were also used in witches’ spells. In the trial of John Fian, Scotland’s most famous witch, in 1590–91, Fian and his coven were accused of trying to drown James VI (James I) and Queen Anne on their voyage to Denmark.

The witches allegedly christened a cat, tied it to a dismembered human corpse and threw the bundle into the sea while they recited incantations.

A great storm arose and forced the royal ship to return to Scotland, but the king and queen were unharmed.

In the lore of the Scottish Highlands, a large breed of wild cats, called Elfin Cats, are said to be witches in disguise.

The Elfin Cats are about the size of dogs and are black with a white spot on the breast.

They have arched backs and erect bristles—the stereotypical Halloween cat.

Though the black cat is associated with witchcraft, it is nevertheless considered good luck to own one in parts of Europe, England and the United States.

But having one’s path crossed by a black cat is always bad luck. In other folklore, if a cat jumps over a corpse, the corpse will become a vampire.

To prevent this, the cat must be killed. Cats are fertility charms—a cat buried in a field will ensure a bountiful crop.

The cat plays a role in Vodun in the southern United States.

Cat charms, particularly those made with cats’ whiskers, can bring bad luck, disease and death to the victim.

Conversely, in folklore cats have many healing properties. A broth made from a black cat is said to cure consumption.

In the 17th century, a whole cat boiled in oil was held to be good for dressing wounds.

Illnesses could be transferred to cats, who were then driven from homes. Cats’ eyes are supposed to be able to see ghosts.

In western Asia, a stone called the Cat’s Eye—dull red with a white mark—is associated with trouble and evil.

In Witchcraft, the cat is a favoured companion or familiar, valued for its psychic sensitivity and assistance in magic and ritual.