The Modern use of Watchtower Elementals is said to be derived from the works of Dr. John Dee and Edward Kelly.
It is also said that Aleister Crowley introduced Gerald Gardner to the Elementals (see below), who then wrote them into his own work. Many Wicca systems have their own versions of the Watchtowers and Watchers. Some see the Watchers as demi-gods, spiritual teachers, cosmic intelligence or beings composed of light. In some eclectic solitary systems, they may not be used at all.
