Shrouded in legendary mystery, Morgan Le Fay has been a prominent character in the Arthurian legends. She was the sister and aid to King Arthur himself. In some of the legends, Morgan Le Fay saves Kin...
A name that’s come to be popular in modern times, Circe is a nymph and goddess of Ancient Greece. Her father, Helios, sends her to exile on an island called Aeaea. Circe is a goddess of transformation...
While not referred to as a “witch goddess”, Isis was indeed an Egyptian goddess of magic, in particular ritual magic. She is as ancient as time itself, and henceforth is the embodiment of the Feminine...
Hecate is a well-known witch goddess of Ancient Greece still worshiped by modern-day pagans. She is the lady of the crossroads with three heads or, alternatively, guarded by a three-headed white dog. ...
Cailleach is a witch goddess from Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. She is the Old Woman, the Winter Crone, the Veiled One, the Old Hag, and the Old Crone. Cailleach is the epitome of the “old ha...
Perhaps one of the most well-known pieces of Slavic folklore is the story of the witch goddess Baba Yaga. Baba Yaga was once a well-respected and revered witch goddess in Eastern Europe and Western As...
Pomba Gira (pronounced pohm-ba shira), is Brazilian female spirit found in the traditions of Umbanda, Quimbanda, and Candomblé. She is revered by initiates and noninitiates alike as she is quite easy ...
To work with Pomba Gira involves a ritual called a trabajo. This ritual is similar to the trabajo of the exus, with some specific differences. All trabajos, like any ritual, include a specific intent,...
Pomba Gira is often called the Sacred Whore. She was originally thought to be a Kongo deity unique to Brazil. Some say she is the wife of Exu and shares many of his characteristics. Some say she is a ...
Pomba gira spell for quick money You will need : 1 red tea light 1 pack of long white cigarettes 1 box of matches 3 red roses 1 bottle of Gin { airline bottles work well for this} 1 piece of pink pa...
A significant study on the cult of Pomba Gira, this is the most comprehensive work in the English language on the Devil’s mistress, whose Brazilian cult has bewitched so many. It is a book that...
Deep in ancient history, all the way from the regions of eastern Europe and India to the British Isles, are the roots of the worship of Brighid. Her name is also spelled Brigit, Bridget, and Bride (pr...
Brighid is of the Tuatha De Danaan, the people of the Great Mother Danu, also called the Fae. She was probably originally a Sun Goddess. The story of Her birth is that She was born at sunrise, and a t...
Brighid is a triple Goddess, but not in the sense many think of as maiden, mother, crone. She has three aspects and all have associations with Fire and Water: Brighid the Healer and Midwife, Brighid t...
As Brighid the Healer, Her wells and springs figure prominently, as their water is considered holy and healing. She is a Water Goddess. In this aspect She is the teacher of herbal and plant medicine. ...
Brighid the Smith is mistress of the smithy fire, the anvil. She is associated with horses in this aspect. But this also extends to fine jewelrysmith workings – silver and gold – and any craft that a ...
Brighid the Bard, the Inspirer of the Fire in the Heart and Mind, which produces song, music, poetry, stories, writing, eloquence, theatrical performances, and the harp. Although the oral tradition wa...
Brighid is the Goddess associated with Imbolc, the holy days celebrated from the eve on January 31st until the night of February 2nd. It is the beginning of the first signs of Spring’s return. As a Go...
If you are ready to start working with Hecate, you can start small and work up progressively. Here are some ideas to start your journey. Include her in your altar Having her picture on your altar or l...
Receiving these signs from Hecate herself might be overwhelming. Maybe you sense that she’s trying to get through, but you are not completely sure. That is normal, especially if you have never worked ...
Sometimes, the calling is even more obvious. If straightforward symbols, like Hecate’s wheel or triple moon imagery, appear around you repeatedly, she might be trying to call you.
Hecate will likely call you when you are standing at a crossroads. But not only metaphorically! If you have a strange experience while standing at a crossroads, especially in a forest, pay attention. ...
Hecate is often represented as a triple female figure. This is the representation of crossroads, one of her domains. In Greek mythology, she is also connected to the three realms of the Cosmos: earth,...
In most representations, Hecate is holding torches. This is related to her soul-guiding and gate-keeping duties. Unlike keys, torches are not frequently seen in our daily life, so spotting one without...
Hekate is the goddess of gateways, and keys are one of her symbols. Of course, we handle keys on a daily basis. But if you unexpectedly come across keys while running errands, or find a long-lost bunc...
Dogs are sacred to Hecate. They are her animal companion and she is frequently depicted with one. Repeatedly coming across large, black dogs can be a signal from her. However, this sign can manifest i...
Hecate is known to call people even when, more often than not, some witches are afraid of working with her. she may call you despite you knowing very little about her -or even if you do not know her a...
Hecate is one of the lesser-known Greek goddesses. The abilities attributed to her in Greek mythology are many, and they are mysterious. That is why, even nowadays, some myths around her present her a...
Hekate of the Three Ways, I invoke You, Maiden of the Land, the Underworld & the Seas as well, Chthonia, Enodia, Phosphoros, Propylaia, Atropaios, Propolos, Kourotrophos, She of the Saffron Robe &...
Hail, many-named Mother of the Gods, whose children are fair. Hail, mighty Hekate of the Threshold. Shape the course of my life with luminous Light And make it laden with good things, Drive sickness a...
I invoke you, beloved Hekate of the Crossroads and the Three Ways Saffron-cloaked Goddess of the Heavens, the Underworld and the Sea Tomb-frequenter, mystery-raving with the souls of the dead Daughter...
In whatever guise Hekate presents Herself to you, regular devotions are an important part of spiritual practice. A simple, basic way to do this is offered here for you. You may perform your rite indoo...
Primary Cult Centers. Lagina, Miletus, Argos, Eleusis, Aigina Festivals. Hecatesia or Hekate’s Night (celebrated on different dates – August 13 or 16, November 16) Dark Moon – last d...
Hekate…2. Symbols, Animals, Offerings & Sacrifices. Symbols: torches, keys, rope, knife, dogs, snakes Animals: dogs, owls, crows, snakes, frogs, the toad (conception), snakes (guardian and underwo...
Aidônaia (Lady of the Underworld). Anassa eneroi (Queen of those Below, Queen of the Dead). Angelos (Messenger). Antaia (the One in Front). Antania (Enemy of mankind or Sender of Nocturnal Dreams). At...
The middle of August coincides with many things that relate to Hekate. The Nemoralia festival, the Kourotrophos festival, possibly a Deipnon one year, the Ides of Hekate, and loosely the dog ...
Hekates Night, 13th August, 7, Further Dating. There are two more possibilities or connections to the 13th and Hekate. The first is the possibility, though I call it the least likely, that the date is...
The ancient Greek calendars were luni-solar. The years were marked by the solstices or equinoxes (region dependent), for example the first day of the year in Athens was the first new waxing moon after...
There is an ancient Roman festival called the Nemoralia which was held on either the 13th-15th of August or over the full moon of August. This festival is in honour of Diana Nemorensis. Women would ho...
The crossroads offering is seemingly a later addition and it’s pretty obvious where it comes from – the Deipnon. Every lunar month, on the dark moon, we offer to Hekate at the crossroads to honour Her...
Hekate Night is mentioned in several modern Pagan books, by that name and sometimes not by any name, simply listed as a night sacred to Hekate. When these books cite other modern, but still older, boo...
As noted above, one of the things people find issue with when it comes to this festival, is the idea of Hekate protecting the harvest/crops. Many people find the idea of Hekate and agriculture to be, ...
Bellarmine jugs, bottles, and drinking mugs were produced by the potteries of the Rhineland area, from the sixteenth century onwards. They were exported in large numbers to this country, where they be...
When used as a witch-bottle, these vessels have been found with highly unpleasant contents, such as human hair entangled with sharp nails, cuttings of human finger-nails, a piece of cloth in the shape...
Believing that a magical link existed between the witch and themselves, they tried to put the magic into reverse, and turn it back upon the sender. They used their own hair, nail-clippings, urine, etc...
In Christian times, sculptors tried to work it into Church decorations by calling it a symbol of the Holy Trinity; but in the sixteenth century, it was banned by the Council of Trent, who declared it ...
Participants in the lingering remnants of an ancient agrarian cult in northern Italy, which came to the attention of the Inquisition in the late 16th century because of the cult’s nocturnal battles wi...
The origins of the benandanti cult are unknown; the roots are probably ancient. The leaving of the body and doing battle in spirit, in the guise of animals, is shamanic in nature. The benandanti may b...
The benandanti came to the attention of the church in 1575, when a priest in Brazzano heard rumors of a man in Civdale, Paolo Gasparutto, who could cure bewitched persons and who “roamed about at nigh...
Lucius Apuleius is best known to us as the author of The Golden Ass, one of the most famous romances in the world, containing as it does the story of Cupid and Psyche. His importance to the study of w...
His book The Golden Ass was translated into English by William Adlington in 1 566 (Simpkin Marshall, London, 1 930 and AMS Press, New York, 1 893), and in our own day by Robert Graves in 1 950. It pre...
The witches in The Golden Ass have many of the characteristics attributed to those of the Middle Ages. They can change their shape by means of magic unguents; they steal parts from corpses to use in t...
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Thyme. Burning thyme gets rid of insects in your house. A bed of thyme was thought to be a home for fairies.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Tarragon. Put in shoes before long walking trips to give strength. It has been used to relieve toothache and as an antifungal.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Summer Savory. It was believed to be an aphrodisiac. Some thought it was a cure for deafness.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Sage. Thought to promote strength and longevity and believed to cure warts. American Indians used it as a toothbrush.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Rosemary. Rosemary in your hair will improve your memory. It will protect you from evil spirits if you put a sprig under your pillow.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Mint. It was believed to cure hiccups and counteract sea-serpent stings. The Romans wore peppermint wreaths on their heads. It was added to bathwater for its ...
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Parsley. Used for wreaths and in funeral ceremonies. Believed to repel head lice and attract rabbits.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Oregano. Used for “sour humours” that plagued old farmers. Also used for scorpion and spider bites.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Marjoram. The Greeks believed it could revive the spirits of anyone who inhaled it. At weddings wreaths and garlands were made of marjoram.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Lovage. Chewing on a piece of the dried root will keep you awake. Lovage warms a cold stomach and help digestion. Added to bathwater, it was believed to relie...
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Garlic. It was thought to give strength and courage. Aristotle noted garlic’s use as a guard against the fear of water. It’s also been widely used against evi...
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Dill. Romans made wreaths and garlands out of dill. Dill keeps evil away.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Chives. Bunches of chives hung in your home were used to drive away diseases and evil.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Fennel. Bunches of fennel were used to drive off evil. It was used in love potions and as an appetite suppressant.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips, Chervil. Eating a whole plant would cure hiccups; chervil was said to warm old and cold stomachs.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips Caraway Caraway was used to scent perfumes and soaps. The Greeks used it for upset stomachs.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips Borage The Romans believed the herb to be an antidepressant, and ancient Celtic warriors took it for courage.
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips Basil Precious to lovers in Italy and considered sacred in India. Many years ago, Italian men wore a sprig of basil to indicate their intended marriage. A cup ...
Herbal Folklore & Old Fashioned Tips Anise Romans paid taxes with anise, and it was used in cough drops.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Tips to Boost your Immune System Eat Garlic (preferably in food, not raw) Get your 5 fruits and vegetables a day Eat Bell Peppers Use Turmeric, Echinacea, Elderberry or Gins...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Heartburn and reflux A handful of Almonds may help against heartburn and reflux.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Warts Add tea tree-oil to the warts every day and they will soon go away. The juice of a Houseleek is said to remove warts.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Toothache If you have a toothache, you can lessen the pain by rubbing Clove essential oil on your gums.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Sore throat 1-2 cups of Fenugreek tea a day. 2 tbsp of Fenugreek powder to 1⁄4 l (~8.5 fl oz) of boiling water, drink it after it’s cooled (you should avoid hot drinks when ...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Insomnia A small bag of Hops under the pillow is said to help against insomnia.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Motion sickness 1 drop of Peppermint essential oil is mixed with 1 tsp of Honey in a cup. Add some hot water and stir well. Drink slowly half an hour before going on a trip....
Folk Medicine and Remedies Nausea Mix 1⁄4 tsp of ground Ginger in 1 glass of water and drink it. The nausea usually subsides after 10-15 minutes.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Hickups Eat a teaspoon of raspberry jam.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Bug Bites Hyssop oil or lotion Lavender oil Marigold ointment Bandage with plantain Put fresh leaves of lemon balm or sage on the bite Try a slice of onion. Rub the bite wit...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Coughing Cut an onion into segments and put it in a bowl of water – almost cover it with water. Place the bowl in the bedroom.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Stuffed nose Essential oils, especially pine needle, sage and eucalyptus oil may help. Drip a couple of drops on a cloth and sniff. Take the lid off a jar of honey and breat...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Hoarseness Cold wraps around the neck. Small Burnet drops- put some drops on a piece of sugar and suck it. Repeat 3 times a day. Carrots and honey- boil 4 carrots until they...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Cold Prevention Echinacea is good as a preventative and when you start to get sick. To prevent a cold you can take 30 drops a day for week, stop for a week and then repeat i...
Colds – bronchitis If you have mucus in your chest or bronchitis, two cups of Hyssop tea (hyssopus officinalis) a day may be beneficial. 3 tsp of Hyssop (dried) is left to sit in 1⁄4 l (~8.5 fl oz) of...
Children’s colds Warm some water and add a couple of drops of Eucalypt oil. Place the bowl at the side of the child’s bed, it will ease breathing and loosen a stuffed nose. Small children can get rid ...
Colds – Misc tips Keep your throat moist. Drink at least 10 glasses of water and do 4 steam baths a day if you can. Heather is good to breathe in when you have a cold. It’s also good for coughing and ...
Eczema Chop Dandelion leaves and flowers and make a poultice which is put on the skin. You can also use the decoction and rub it directly on the skin. Repeat the treatment every other day. Fill a bott...
Diarrhea Boil Carrots to a mush (can be given to young and old). Eat 1 tsp dry cinnamon, it may ease nausea and diarrhea (take it with a glass of water). Eat dried blueberries or drink a concentrated ...
Bad breath Against bad breath it’s recommended to chew fresh leaves of mint or parsley. It also helps to chew on fresh or dried seeds from cumin, caraway, fennel, lovage or fenugreek. Try chewing 2-3 ...
Cellulite Cellulite is fat tissue on the thighs, bottom and upper arms, and it’s a problem many women have. Many say that it helps to massage the skin daily with a hemp cloth. You can do it in the sho...
Cystorrhea You get the best chance that this advice will work if you start at the moment the symptoms are noticed. If the problem continues, contact your physician. Cystorrhea is an infection and ca...
Soothing Warm chamomile tea, lemon balm tea and lavender tea is soothing. You can buy these as pure herbs at a health food store of a drug store and mix your own tea, either with all three or the one ...
Note! What ever you try of remedies, never stop using blood pressure medication without asking your doctor first. Make sure you go on regular check-ups, whether you take medication or not. Other gen...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Stuffed nose Mix a few drops of Eucalyptus oil with clean water in a small spray bottle, spray it on your sweater or your scarf. Sniff it in. It opens the nose. For small ch...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Sinus infection Boil 1 1⁄2 liter (~0.4 gallons) of water with 1 tsp of salt, let it cool and sniff it into your nose.
Folk Medicine and Remedies Pollen allergy Honey is said to prevent hay-fever. A tablespoon for each meal all through winter is a supplement full of vitamins and minerals and might help reduce the alle...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Increase lactation Pour 1⁄4 l (~8.5 fl oz) of boiling water over a mixture of 1 tsp of anise, 1 tsp of fennel and 1 tsp of caraway. Let this steep for about 10 minutes, and ...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Blood circulation Garlic has a beneficial effect on the blood circulation and some say a daily intake of garlic can reduce sclerosis in the veins. Cold feet, varicose veins ...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Hangover Take two tsp of Thyme for one cup of water, boil for 10 minutes and drink the day after. The best advice though is probably to eat properly before and after drinki...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Clogged milk channels If you’re weaning your baby and you’ve got clogged milk channels, and you wish to drive the milk back, this might help: Rub your breasts and armpits wi...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Breast infection Poultices of cabbage leaves have been used for a long time on nursing women with infected breasts. It’s said that the cabbage can pull the infection out, an...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Anemia Not all types of ginger ale are made with artificial taste. Some contain real ginger and this spice is said to increase the blood count. Drink a bottle every day for ...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Lemon wrap for a sore throat A lemon wrap for the throat can reduce swelling when it’s sore. You slice a lemon and put the slices in a row on a cloth, fold it and put it aro...
If you’ve burnt your self on a nettle Try to rub some pure lavender oil on it and presto, it doesn’t hurt anymore. Rub the yellow part of a dandelion on the skin where you got burnt. It often grows ne...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Stomach problems You could have many different stomach problems. Aches, pains, constipation and diarrhea are just some examples. Ginger: When you have indigestion and bellya...
Folk Medicine and Remedies Headache Is there really anything worse than having a bad headache? To lie there in bed just wanting to chop your head off. That’s not what I would recommend, although it su...
Earache If you have an earache, you can take a piece of fresh ginger and put it against the ear. Squeeze it a bit, and the juice will ease the pain.
Onion wrap for ear infection Chop a heaped teaspoon of onion, put it in a handkerchief and warm it on a saucepan lid. Place the warm onion pack on the ear and put a small corner behind it. To hold the...
Throat infection Grate a carrot, put it in the middle of a big handkerchief and fold it. Dip a piece of cloth in ice cold water and wring it out. Put the pack on your neck and put the cold piece of cl...
Put a thin layer of cooling and soothing natural yogurt on the part of your skin that’s burnt Let it sit for a couple of hours and then rinse it off with water.
Burns Egg white is a good thing when you’ve gotten a burn. Smear a layer over the spot and you’ll see that it eases the pain rapidly. It also prevents blistering.
Chafe When you’ve gotten a chafe, you can crack a couple of eggs and pick off the membranes closest to the shells. Put these on the chafe and you’ll se that it heals over night.
Prickling in the legs can drive you crazy when you’re trying to go to sleep. One remedy is to eat banana – there’s a lot of potassium in bananas and the prickling sensation can come from a potassium...
MY GRANDFATHER’S CLOCK by Henry Clay Work My grandfather’s clock was too large for the shelf, So it stood ninety years on the floor; It was taller by half than the old man himself, Though ...
The Lowerworld is often associated with the Sidhe, the Fair Folk, and the faerie folk.Traveling by means of the World tree, we can work with the Fair Folk as well as the ancestors in the Lower world.T...
There are : four principal proposed origins of fairies
A host of supernatural beings and spirits who exist between earth and heaven. Both good and evil, fairies have been associated with witches. During the witch hunts in Europe and the British Isles, acc...
As late as 1894 beliefs in fairies and witches in Ireland caused the murder of Bridget Cleary of Clonmel, who was accused by her own husband and family of being a changeling wife.The trials of Michael...
Use this fairy water out in the garden as well as using it as an astringent and in the bath! Sprinkle a few drops here and there along with some glitter! If that doesn’t make the wee ones want to visi...
A frightening goblin of English folklore. The bogie is described as little, black, and hairy. It is considered dangerous, mischievous, sly, and is renowned for its intelligence. Parents would use the ...
Isobel Gowdie, Scotland’s renowned witch who voluntarily confessed in 1662, said she had frequent doings with fairies.Gowdie went often to Fairyland, entering through various caverns and mounds.The en...
The ghostly Reid appeared many times before Dunlop, beseeching her to go away with him to Fairyland or to deny the Christian faith, in exchange for which he would grant her every wish.She denied him r...
A few years later, in 1588, Alison Pearson of Byrehill was charged with invoking the spirits of the Devil.She also was said to have a fairy familiar: her cousin, William Sympson, a physician who had b...
In 1566 John Walsh of Dorset was accused of witchcraft.He admitted being able to tell if a person was bewitched, a gift bestowed upon him partly by fairies, he said.The fairies, he claimed, lived in g...
Fairies and witches. According to British anthropologist Margaret A. Murray and others, real “little people” gradually became identified with witches. In the 16th and 17th centuries, when fairy belief...
Some fairies were said to suck human blood like vampires. On the Isle of Man, it was believed that if water was not left out for them, they would suck the blood of the sleepers in the house or bleed t...
In the early Middle Ages, fairies were said to be visible to all. As time went on, they acquired more and more supernatural powers and became invisible to all but those with second sight. Fairies who ...
Like the Fates, fairies love to visit the newborn babies of mortals and will not hesitate to steal those that are unbaptized, or “little pagans,” substituting in their place changelings—wizened fairy ...
Fairies are nocturnal creatures and like to drink, dance and sing. Their music is exquisite. Their color is green, which is also identified with witches. Green clothing perhaps helps them to blend int...
When won over by a mortal, fairies may be very generous with gifts, either material or psychic such as clairvoyance or the ability to heal. Some are evil and malevolent. Many are lascivious and enjoy ...
Fairy lore. Physical characteristics of fairies vary. Some are tiny, winged, gossamer creatures a few inches tall who can alight on a drop of water and barely make it tremble. Some are dwarfs and “lit...
A host of supernatural beings and spirits who exist between earth and heaven. Both good and evil, fairies have been associated with witches. During the witch hunts in Europe and the British Isles, acc...
The elusive fairy races were regarded with suspicion and superstition by the larger races and gradually became endowed in popular belief with magical attributes and characteristics. These races, such ...
There are four principal proposed origins of fairies: 1. Fairies are the souls of the pagan dead. Being unbaptized, the shades, or souls, are caught in a netherworld and are not bad enough to descend ...
Each person and entity has their own energy signature. By learning to recognize your energy signature from someone else’s, you become more attuned to the energy around you. There are many exercises th...
And lastly, an Earth empath feels a very deep connection to the Earth. Think of this trait as the macro-level of being a plant empath, where plant empaths are tuned to individual plants, and Earth emp...
When you start working with entities, of any type, always show the utmost respect for them. This is one thing that most people overlook when working with entities, manmade or preexisting. Many, either...
Expanding your creativity is extremely helpful when working with any type of magick. When it comes to creating entities, however, creativity should be given the highest priority of development. Thinki...
Another tool in your toolbox is the art of creative visualization. Creative visualization will help you align the physical, mental, and spiritual minds to act together to achieve the desired result. I...
Getting enough sleep is very important for health and energy. With only a few exceptions, the average adult needs between 7 and 8 hours of sleep within each 24- hour period to be adequately alert for ...
A good diet and perhaps even a good multivitamin can make a big difference in your energy as well. There is no one “true” diet that everyone should follow. However, try to eat balanced meals with mode...
Regular exercise is an important factor in overall health. Exercise not only will keep you in good physical shape, but also reduces stress, alleviates depression, and improves the quality of your slee...
Generally called from the west Considered moist and cool and is associated with the phlegmatic temperament Considered feminine and nature Represents the liquid state of matter Corresponds to matur...
Generally called from the south Considered warm and dry and is associated with the choleric temperament Active and penetrating and considered masculine in nature Represents energy Corresponds to our c...
Generally called from the East Considered warm and moist and is associated with the sanguine temperament Considered hermaphrodite or masculine in nature Represents the gaseous state of matter Correspo...
Generally called from the North Considered cool and dry and is associated with the melancholic temperament Represents the solid state of matter Corresponds to the physical part of ourselves, our physi...
When you feel you are sufficiently adept at using the other Elements, you may begin to use spirit – the fifth Element. This has no special space but is everywhere. It should never ever be used negativ...
The Sigillum Aemeth, or Seal of Truth, illustrated above, was inscribed by John Dee upon a disk of “perfect wax” that was nine inches in diameter (nine is the number of the moon) and one inch thick. I...
Among other things, Divination can be termed as foretelling the future, finding objects and people, and determining guilt by means of information obtained from signs, omens, dreams, visions, and divin...
A pendulum can be made of any weighted object on a string. It can be a stone weight, crystal, metal, or even just a button on some thread. You don’t need to spend money at all, just use what you have ...
XYLOMANCY is divination from pieces of wood, either from their shape when collected or their appearance while burning.
TASSEOGRAPHY is the reading of tea leaves that remain in a tea cup once the beverage has been drunk. TEPHRAMANCY is divination by ashes obtained from the burning of tree bark. TIROMANCY is a type of d...
SCIOMANCY is divination using a spirit guide, a method generally employed by channelers. SCRYING is a general term for divination using a crystal, mirrors, bowls of water, ink, or flames to induce vis...
RADIESTHESIA is the general term for divination using a device such as a divining rod or pendulum. Other forms include “table tipping” which was practiced at the White House in the 19th century, the O...
PALMISTRY is the broad field of divination and interpretation of the lines and structure of the hand. PEGOMANCY concerns itself with spring water and bubbling fountains and the omens contained therein...
OCULOMANCY is divination from a person’s eye. OINOMANCY is divination using wine. OMPHALOMANCY IS counting the number of knots in the umbilical cord to predict how many more children the mother...
NUMEROLOGY is the numerical interpretation of numbers, dates, and the number value of letters.
MARGARITOMANCY is the procedure of using bouncing pearls. METAGNOMY is the divination using “visions” received in a trance state. METEOROMANCY is divination from meteors. METOPOSCOPY is the reading of...
LAMPADOMANCY is divination using lights or torches. LECANOMANCY uses a basin of water for divination. LIBANOMANCY is the study of incense and its smoke. LITHOMANCY is divination using precious ...
HALOLMANCY see ALOMANCY HARUSPICATION IS fortune-telling by means of inspecting the entrails of animals, as practiced by priests in ancient Rome. HIEROMANCY or HIERSCOPY is divination by observing obj...
GASTROMANCY is an ancient form of ventriloquism whereby the voice is lowered to a sepulchral tone and prophetic utterances are delivered in a trance state. GELOSCOPY is the divination from the tone of...
DACTYLOMANCY is an early form of RADIESTHESIA using a dangling ring. DAPHNOMANCY requires one to listen to laurel branches crackling in an open fire. DEMONOMANCY is divination with the aid of demons. ...
CAPNOMANCY is the study of smoke rising from a fire. CARTOMANCY is fortune telling using cards such as the Tarot. CATOPTROMANCY is an early form of crystal gazing that utilizes a mirror turned to the ...
BELOMANCY is an ancient form of divination performed by tossing or balancing arrows. BIBLIOMANCY involves divination by books. BOTANOMANCY is divination from burning tree branches and leaves. BUMPOLOG...
AEROMANCY divination from the air and sky, particularly concentrating on cloud shapes, comets, and other phenomena not normally visible in the heavens. ALCHEMY is the practice of transmutation of base...
● Well- blessing from the Goddess, inspiration, spirituality, health ● Wheel- completion, eternity, season/life cycles, rebirth, gains ● Windmill- business dealings, factors working together for one g...
● Umbrella- temporary shelter, limited protection ● Unicorn- purity, nature, fairy blessings, Otherworld intervention
● Tree- blessings of nature, good fortune, stability, power, security ● Turtle- fertility, security, defense against obstacles, slow gains
● Salt- purity, stability, cleansing, grounding ● Scales- balance, justice, careful evaluation ● Scissors- duplicity, arguments, separation, division, strife ● Shell- Goddess, emotional stability, luc...
● Ring- eternity, containment, wheel of life/year, wedding ● Rose- love, lost or past love, fullness of life, healing, caring
● Palm Tree- respite, relief, security, protection, blessings ● Parrot- gossip, flamboyance ● Peacock- luxury, vanity, baseless pride ● Pineapple- hospitality, good things hidden by harsh exterior ● P...
● Man- visitor, helpful stranger ● Mirror- reversal, knowledge, karma ● Moon- the Goddess, intuitive wisdom, guidance ● Mountain- hindrance, challenge, obstacle, journey, steadfastness ● Mouse- povert...
● Ladder- initiation, rise or fall in status, connections ● Lion- power, strength, influence, ferocity, pride, domination ● Lock- protection, concealment, security, obstacles, sealed
● Key- understanding, mysteries, opportunity, gain, security ● Kite- warning for caution, new ideas ● Knot- restrictions, marriage, bindings ● Knife- duplicity, misunderstanding, direct action
● Hammer- hard work rewarded, building, creativity, fortitude ● Hat- honors, rivalry, independence, self-assertion ● Hound- advice, help given, companionship, trust ● Heart- love, pleasure, confidence...
● Glove- protection, luck, aloofness, nobility, challenge ● Gate- opportunity, advancement, change, new directions ● Gun (any type)- power to gain goals, discord, slander, infidelity
● Fan- indiscretion, disloyalty, things hidden, inflammations ● Fence- retention of possessions, defense, isolation ● Fish- riches, luck, sexuality, productivity ● Flag- warning, defensiveness, identi...
● Egg- increase, fertility, luck, creativity, new start, hoarding ● Eye- introspection, awareness, evaluation, spirit
● Dagger- complications, dangers, power, skill ● Distaff- creativity, changes, sexuality ● Dog- fidelity, friendship, companionship, faithfulness ● Duck- plenty, wealth, success ● Elephant- advice nee...
● Castle- financial gain, security, inheritance, life of bounty ● Cage- isolation, restriction, imprisonment, containment ● Cat- wisdom, spiritual access, female friend, domestic strife ● Car- local t...
● Basket- gift, security, comfort ● Baby- new interests, security, new beginnings ● Bees (hive, comb)- fertility, industry, community, self-sacrifice ● Bell- celebrations, news (good or bad, depending...
● Acorn- youth, strength, man, small start for large accomplishment ● Airplane- travel, new projects ● Anchor- voyage, rest, problem solved, security ● Arrow- news, disagreements, direct action
One of the most ancient forms of divination is crystallomancy or catoptromancy, performed with a magic mirror. The Magi of Persia are said to have used mirrors, as well as the ancient Greeks and Roman...
Today, most people look at Ouija boards and think, “Why would you want to open the gates of Hell?” It wasn’t always that way, however. The Ouija board came straight out of the “Spiritualism” movement...
Divination is an art that has been practiced in one form or another since ancient times and in all levels of culture. There are a number of ways in which a cauldron can be used for divining. One metho...
Numerology is a technique that involves using numbers to gain insight into different areas of life. Practitioners may use techniques such as calculating a person’s life path number or using the letter...
A pendulum is a small weight that is suspended from a string or chain. To use a pendulum for divination, the practitioner holds the weight steady and then asks a yes or no question. The pendulum will ...
Runes are a set of ancient symbols that were used by the Germanic and Norse peoples for divination. They consist of 24 or 25 small stones or tiles, each with a different symbol carved into it. To use ...
Tarot cards are a popular divination tool that can provide insight into a variety of different areas of life. They consist of a deck of 78 cards, each with its own unique meaning. To use tarot cards f...
Divination is a practice that has been used for centuries by people of different cultures and religions to gain insight into the unknown. For Solitary Pagans, divination is a powerful tool that can be...
This is a general term for the objects that youplace on your altar – candleholders, flowervases, crystals and so forth – which do notnecessarily have a specific magical use of theirown; they are prese...
These devices use all the other forms of magic intheir formation, but principally representationaland symbolic magic. They are ‘charged’ (givenpower) magically and usually are worn orcarried on the pe...
In this system different symbols, rather thanobjects, are used to represent various ideas,people or goals. These symbols can be personalto you, or such things as Tarot cards, runes,Hebrew letters or n...
Representational magic involves using anobject that represents something or someonefor whom you are working the spell. It helps inconcentrating the energy and visualizing thedesire and the end result....
Knot magic works partly with the principle ofbinding, which is a type of bidding spell, andalso with that of weaving, which wastraditionally a female intuitive occupation. Itutilizes ribbon, rope, str...
Every stone or gem has its own attribute whichcan be used in magic. Crystals are used extensively in healing because of the vibrationalimpact they can have. Because of this, they lendthemselves to the...
In candle magic, man discovered the ability tocontrol light and this is one of the oldest formsof magic as well as one of the most simple.Using candles to symbolize ourselves and ourbeliefs means that...
Herbal magic is often used alongside many other forms of magic. Used as talismans and amulets – for example in a pouch or bag – herbs become protective; the oil from herbs can also be used in candle m...
Perhaps the simplest form of magic is thatwhich involves colour. This method of workingis also used in conjunction with various otherforms of magic. Colour can enhance, alter andcompletely change mood...
IN THIS PARTICULAR type of magic theElements of Fire, Earth, Air and Water aregiven their own directional focus to createadded power and give extra energy to yourspells. You will no doubt find that yo...
Water is the Element of the West and is represented by a bowl of water or a goblet of wine or fruit juice. Its color is blue and, because it represents the giving of life, it is associated with the El...
Fire is the Element of the South and is usually represented by a candle or a cauldron with a fire inside. Its color is red and its associations have to do with power, determination, and passionate ene...
The direction of this Element is east and the colour usually associated with it is yellow. Incense is often used to represent Air since the movement of the air can be seen in the incense smoke. When y...
Traditionally the direction of this Element is north and the colour normally associated with Earth is green. It is represented on the altar usually by salt or sand. Crystals, because they are totally ...
In most systems of magical working you willfind mentioned the four (or sometimes five)Elements, often in conjunction with theirdirections or, as they are known in magic,quarters of the universe or car...
This type of spell prepares the magical workerand his helpers for further work by heighteningtheir awareness. It does not set out to call up thepowers, but appeals to gods, goddesses,powers of nature ...
These call on what is believed to be the ultimatesource of power, which differs from spell tospell. Quite literally, they call up that powerand ask for permission to use this influence fora stated pur...
Within this type of spell it is wise to go beyondthe presenting symptoms and to ask for healingon all levels of existence – physical, mental andspiritual – because the practitioner may nothave the kno...
These might be counted either as prayers orspells and need a passionate concentration onbringing, for instance, peace of mind or healingto the recipient. They hold no danger for thepractitioner but ar...
These are spells where the spell makercommands a particular thing to happen, butwithout the co-operation of those involved.Trying to make someone do something whichthey do not want to do, or which goe...
Many people’s first thought in this context is oflove spells – ways of making another personfind them sexually attractive and desirable. Intheory, love spells should be unconditional andthis type shou...
We do not control that which we are drawn to. Nor does it control us. Witchcraft is a symbiotic relationship between Witch and World, Living and Dead, Universe and Spirit. Growing on one another, feed...
There is so much rage in the world now, and much of it is justified. The problem is that the rage in people becomes misdirected, lashing out wheresoever annoyance can be found. You’re allowed to...
Witches do not walk in straight lines, in fact there are no lines, there are no rules to bind us, for we are free flowing entities of Nature. Walking in the peripherals has never been for the faint of...
Today’s “culture” (look up the etymology) invests so much time and energy toxifying masculinity, that the balance needs to be redressed. What do YOU think…? “The Magic of...
Discovering yourself, and defining yourself as Witch can be as long or short of a process as you make it. Learning the vital differences, however subtle, between Jinxing, Hexing, Banishing, Binding an...
IN ANCIENT PAGAN communities the elders, orwise ones, had, by their very experience, anawareness of custom and a firm grasp ofwhat had previously worked when trying togain control over Mother Nature a...
Today there is a rich heritage of magical practicesand beliefs on which we can call to satisfy ourneed for control over our own lives. Whereconventional religion no longer offers an outletfor our sens...
Curiosity, exploration and secrecyOne of most interesting characters from earlytimes was Abraham Abulafia (1240–95), whomade available much arcane knowledge, whichultimately formed the basis of Kabbal...
IT IS SOMETIMES best not to attempt anydefinition of ancient magic and magicalbelief. However, in any discussion of magicand its practitioners we must take account of aperiod in which the magical trad...
Ancient beliefs and practices are the mainstay ofmagic. Modern-day spells often have their rootsin ancient rituals and today’s rituals arise fromknowledge of age-old spells.While we might make an atte...
SACRED GEOMETRY MEANS different things todifferent people. The artists of theRenaissance period discovered theGolden Mean – a ratio which helped them to construct a perfect picture, calculated as1:l.6...
Over the centuries many different schools ofFeng Shui have developed. The basic principlesare broadly the same, though each school has aslightly different focus. There are three mainschools in existen...
ONE OF THE most important adjustmentsthat we can make as we begin to workconsistently with magic is to theenvironment in which we live and to our ownpersonal space. As we reach an internal peacewe cre...
THE WORD GEOMANCY (from the Latin geo,‘Earth’, mancy ‘prophecy’) had a differentmeaning in ancient times from that it hastoday and we shall deal with that aspect first. Itwas a method of divination us...
There are, in fact, several customs associatedwith birth and the surrounding period whichhave survived without people today necessarilyappreciating their magical significance. In Celticlore, the ‘toad...
This spell uses crystals and symbolism. Theblue stone is reputed to bring about harmony inrelationships and to help its wearer to be true tothemselves, and to be able to openly state theiropinion. The...
There are many folkloric remedies for the evileye, ranging from painting an eye on the prowof a boat in the Mediterranean, supposedly tooutstare the sorcerer, to passing a plate filledwith burning coa...
YOU WILL NEEDPiece of deer’s antlerHair from a black mare’s tailSilver tip for the antlerCairngorm stone (a type of smoky quartz)METHOD✤ Wind the horsehair around one end of theantler at least nine ti...
YOU WILL NEEDLemonIron nailsMETHOD✤ Drive the nails with some force into the lemon.✤ Visualize the evil eye being pierced.✤ Keep the lemon for three days, by which timeit should begin to rot.✤ If it d...
YOU WILL NEEDOlive oilBowl of waterMETHOD✤ Drip three drops of olive oil on the surface ofthe water.✤ Watch what happens.✤ If the drops remain distinct there is no evil eye.✤ If they run together ther...
The evil eye is an ancient, widespread anddeeply held belief in more than one third of theworld’s cultures, but is particularly stronglyfeared even today in countries of Mediterraneanorigin, and also ...
Spells designed to bring about a difference inbodily appearance in order to dissolvemischievous enchantments by the fairy folk orfrequenters of the lower world were legion inmost cultures. In Celtic l...
YOU WILL NEEDWhite candleCorn dollyFireproof receptacleEither the sticky burrs from a cleavers plant(which has a cleansing effect) or several pieces ofpaper on which you have written your irritationsM...
YOU WILL NEEDTwo small handfuls of corn stalksGreen and yellow wool or cottonTrailing greenery (ivy or grape vine are ideal)Appropriately coloured ribbons for the ritual(e.g. red or orange for Lammas)...
Ways of dealing with problems within the community, which used a blend of Christian and pagan rituals, was partly a product of the interaction between Christianity and paganism. Pagan belief demanded ...
FOLKLORISTS MAY BELIEVE THAT the first festivals arose because of the anxieties of early peoples who did not understand the forces of nature and wished to placate them. The people noted the times and ...
The majority of people who are new to spell working may at times acknowledge that for them common sense backed up by practical action is normally more productive than theoretical or mystical thinking....
Cut a piece of yellow ribbon that’s the length of wrapping it around your waist once. Say, as you tie your knots: “By knot of 1, my overeating is done. By knot of 2, I exercise too. By kno...
Pluto in a nutshell is all about death and resurrection, the unknown and secrets, and cosmic purpose and destiny. But what about the moons? All of Pluto’s moons have great significance and are tied to...
They have been around for thousands of years in one form or another, and over time so many folktales and superstitions have been developed around them. Going back to ancient times mirrors were used to...
Lets examine the curious and sometimes sinister superstitions that have grown up around clocks over the years, and related how a stopped clock was often related to a death in many folk beliefs. Now th...
Three fires are burning within me,three fires, no less and no more;three flames are flickering in methat drive me and dance at my core. The first is faith, the bright lanternwith a steady beacon of li...
Here is a few facts on Death Witchcraft. I personally define death witchcraft as working with and honoring spirits of the dead (ghosts, ancestors) as well as the power of death itself (endings, resurr...
Litha, also known as the Summer Solstice, is a pagan holiday celebrated on or around June 21st in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the longest day and shortest night of the year, and marks the official ...
Today fairies are not just for little girls’ imagination, they’re for witches and magical practitioners too. There’s a magical trend – working with the unseen world, namely working with the fae. There...
MAGICK CHANT FOR POWER AND PROTECTION“I call upon the powerful, cosmic guardians who have the magnetic force to bring power and strength to those who believe.I now declare and affirm that I am a livin...
Listen to the words of The dark Goddess of Transformation; She who of old was also called among men Kali, Hecate, Cerridwen, Lilith, Persephone, Fata, Morgana, Ereshkigal, Arianhrod, Durga, Inanna, Ti...
This is a little herbal charm you can use to help ward off illnesses you might pick up from other people (like a cold). A small branch or twig (about 3 inches long)Sprig of dried rosemaryGardenia peta...
This is the other aspect of knowing when to cast a spell. Now I mean picking the right day or time to do the actual spell itself. There is no set rule that love spells have to be cast at exactly the r...
This a poppet spell for healing designed to improve your own personal health, though you could use it to direct healing energy to other people if you wanted (you’ll need their hair though). White fabr...
You can use this spell to help improve or mend a friendship that is going through a rough patch. A large bowl (no plastic)A sprinkling of saltA sprinkling of rosemaryA keyPiece of string, about a foot...
Nothing says change more than a sprouting seed that grows into a plant. So harness that transformation for yourself, as long as you have a little patience. This spell works best when you’re trying to ...
This is a very simple spell, but it’s been around for thousands of years and comes from old occult practices. I thought I’d include it. Write the word “Abracadabra” on a small piece of paper, and on e...
The internet describes it as: “phenomena that appear to contradict physical laws and suggest the possibility of causation by mental processes.” or “phenomena lying outside the sphere of physical scien...
The banshee (from ban [bean], a woman, and shee [sidhe], a fairy) is an attendant fairy that follows the old families, and none but them, and wails before a death. Many have seen her as she goes waili...
When you’re feeling sluggish or just generally “down in the dumps” try this energy spell to help rev you up a little. All you need is: orange candles for a energy spell in witchcraftOrange candles hav...
Almond(milk): mental clarity + fortitude, luck, abundance, healing + good healthAmaretto: opening the mind, warding against negativity, creativity, luckBlueberry: aids in memory + mental clarity, calm...
Add a little joy to your life when you need it the most. All you need is: 3 orange or yellow candlesCedar oilA few pinches of rosemary and marjoramRub oil on all three candles, and set them up on your...
Bring positive fresh energy to your life with happiness spells and fresh flowers. You just need: Jasmine or Lilac oilOne fresh flower, any kindPaper and pencilYellow candleA heat-proof container Light...
You are your best teacher. Remember that while some people can help guide you on their path, that guidance is limited. Witchcraft is more of an internal process of figuring out who you are inside, wha...
The purpose of this ritual is to charge a ritual blade with the elemental forces of nature via the assistance of draconic elemental mages.As with human magic workers, different dragons can have an aff...
Today fairies are not just for little girls’ imagination, they’re for witches and magical practitioners too. But it’s not truly anything new. It dates back to at least ancient times. There are many hi...
1. Lay thorny branches on your doorstep to keep evil from your dwelling. 2. Eat a pinch of thyme before bed, and you will have sweet dreams. 3. Place chips of cedar wood in a box with some coins to dr...
Take daily tasks and make them magical! Enchant your cooking, cleaning, and working. A few simple words can go a long way when enchanting your daily activities. For instance, I usually bless my food f...
Warding, banishing, shielding, binding, even hexing and cursing—these all fall under the broad title of “protection magick.” Protection magick means directing psychic energy toward self-pr...
You will need the following items for this spell: 2 strawberries2 teaspoons thyme1 teaspoon cinnamon1/2 teaspoon honeyWaterUnrefined quartzBottle/JarBowlMash the strawberries over the bowl until they ...
DEEP PEACE OF THE TREE MEDITATION We work with many methods of meditation. Here is one, inspired by the deep peace of the trees, that you can practice, either as a spiritual exercise in its own right,...
You will need the following items for this spell: NoneFirst, centering, grounding, meditation and shielding are recommended, but not required, though they will yield better results. Second, be still, ...
You will need the following items for this spell: A pennyBeliefTake a penny out of your pocket.Hold it in your hand, getting used to the feel of the penny.Hold it near your heart.Hold it near your thi...
You will need the following items for this spell: YouFavorite piece of jewelryBelieveBetween 9pm and 1am1. Put your favorite piece of jewelry on2. Say this 3x “I call to you, and only you.I wish...
Angel numbers are messages that the universe sends us in times of need. Humans are living in 3D lives. Three directions we are typically aware of in our reality are past, present and future. However, ...
Whether you believe in luck or not, a lucky spell can help you focus your energy on a specific intention you want to manifest. Where our attention goes, energy flows, and energy is powerful. Energy + ...
You will need the following items for this spell: Bird Seeds (That are safe to eat by birds in your area. Do your research!)A small pouchA larger pouch (alt. a large jar)Anything that you have lying a...
You will need the following items for this spell: A candle, preferably greenA penny, piece of copper, quartz, or anything else to be a charmA boline, terminated quartz crystal, or something else for c...
You will need the following items for this spell: 1 beeswax candle2 pieces natural paperA pen/pencilBowl of waterChalkA single candle of beeswax should be lighted and placed on a table away from the d...
August 13th is listed in modern Pagan calendars as being Hekates Night, a night sacred to Hekate. This purportedly ancient Greek festival is for propitiation, where we ask Hekate Lady of the Storms to...
You will need the following items for this spell: Egg yolkSugarMilkWhite candlePentagramPut the egg yolk into a glass. Add sugar and milk, then mix them very good untill it looks like a foam. Take the...
You will need the following items for this spell: A bowl of sand (to represent the earth)Green clothNeedle and threadPen Cinnamon or cedar incenseDried camomile, vervain or squillMint and honeysuckle ...
In the deep recesses of the forest, a tale whispered by ancient trees and dreaded even by the shadows unfolded. The Verdanthrope — a creature carved from moss, branches, and the dark secrets of the wo...
1. The Empath picks up on someone who has an issue or a problem, through the emotional energy they are expressing, even if they are not saying anything, because they are a highly tuned receiver of thi...
You will need the following items for this spell: Paper (back and front side)BallpointYou should understand wealth is the form of givings, not takings. So if your business is going to make other peopl...
When we embark on a spiritual path, sometimes the path gets twisted and we feel we lose our connection to the Divine. Sometimes we’re too busy with the physical to cater to our spiritual needs. But th...
You will need the following items for this spell: Moon lightVoiceLay with ur feet toward the moonAn say if you aren’t families with nocturnalNocturnal let me feel the embers of our new beginning...
One of the more common questions I see come up from Pagans, especially those with Hellenic leanings or a devotion to a Hellenic deity, is what to do after the ritual is done. Most specifically, what t...
Many spells and rituals call for water, but tap water just doesn’t have the potency of rain water. The water that pours from the heavens is said to have magical properties. It has not been purified, a...
A witch’s ladder is one of those nifty things we sometimes hear about but rarely see. Its purpose is similar to that of a rosary – it’s basically a tool for meditation and ritual, in which different c...
The spiritual community doesn’t put enough emphasis on energetic cords and cord cutting rituals. Which is sad, because Spirit says it’s so important for shadow work, healing, and our paths in life. If...
You will need the following items for this spell: 1 Purple CandlePurple promotes ambition, progress, power, and strengthens will- power.As you light the candle, repeat:”This light is burning to ...
You will need the following items for this spell: A small drawstring bagGround nutmegPine needlesDried lavenderPiece of mandrake rootPut a pinch or two of the nutmeg, pine needles, dried lavender and ...
You will need the following items for this spell: B.O.S/Dream JournalBlessed Pen1. Think what you want to ask2. Take out your B.O.S/Dream Journal3. Write an incantation (its kinda short spell or messa...
Energy Explaination ◊ Crystals and stones have been treasured and sought after for hundreds of years and used in nearly every culture of the world. Not only are they beautiful, collectable, and make w...
You will need the following items for this spell: A pretend stage Setup (alter)Beyonce’s ”AVE Maria”White CandleFirst, set up your stage as if your were going to perform in front of ...
You will need the following items for this spell: A wooden bowlA small knife or chiselIncenseCandle wax (optional)WaterBegin by placing the wooden bowl on a flat surface. Take the chisel or knife and ...